south
‘south’
The south /saʊθ/ is the direction that is on your right when you are looking towards the direction where the sun rises.
From the hilltop you can see the city to the south.
To the south, an hour's drive away, was the coast.
A south wind blows from the south.
A warm south wind was blowing.
The south of a place is the part that is towards the south.
Antibes is in the south of France.
South is part of the names of some countries, states, and regions.
I am from the Republic of South Korea.
She is a senator from South Carolina.
‘southern’
You don't usually talk about a ‘south’ part of a country or region. You talk about a southern /^sʌðən/ part.
The island is near the southern tip of South America.
The southern part of England is more heavily populated.
Don't talk about ‘south England’ or ‘south Europe’. You say southern England or southern Europe.
Granada is one of the great cities of southern Spain.